Introduction
This was the first of the human society the original This was the first of the human society the original . them during the day, manufacturing tool, picking fruits, hunted animals, to return the Dragon Bone of the cave, the chimney - side rest edge, with a simple gesture of language are respectively the Sinanthropus Pekinensis site plus the conversation them during the day, manufacturing tool, picking fruits, hunted animals, to return the Dragon Bone of the cave, the chimney - side rest edge, with a simple gesture of language are respectively the Sinanthropus Pekinensis site plus the conversation .
lower limb support body standing upright, upper limbs and hands similar to lower limb support body standing upright, upper limbs and hands similar to . their brain capacity is 75%, at least by a factor of great apes than their brain capacity is 75%, at least by a factor of great apes than .
but, according to archaeologists from their remains to the copied images, they look like apes also: mouth hangs forward, no chin, the nose is flat, the height of the protrusion, the two coarse brows together,Like an eaves shade her eyes on but, according to archaeologists from their remains to the copied images, they look like apes also: mouth hangs forward, no chin, the nose is flat, the height of the protrusion, the two coarse brows together,Like an eaves shade her eyes on . they could walk without so much of modern - day humans, with a slight stoop they could walk without so much of modern - day humans, with a slight stoop .
Peking Man in the early Paleolithic period, would have been manufactured with a stone tool in cave Peking Man in the early Paleolithic period, would have been manufactured with a stone tool in cave . Gunnar Andersson unearthed stone tools have tens of thousands of pieces Gunnar Andersson unearthed stone tools have tens of thousands of pieces .
of the tools used rocks to smash the well - known to those skilled in the art, there is a sharp front, can be used to cut it, and hunted wild animals, cutting skins of the tools used rocks to smash the well - known to those skilled in the art, there is a sharp front, can be used to cut it, and hunted wild animals, cutting skins . Can tool - making was the distinction of man and the apes and the urgency of Can tool - making was the distinction of man and the apes and the urgency of .
trained ape can use tools, but how to learn them trained ape can use tools, but how to learn them . manufacturing tools are able to use natural fire,This is the Peking Man will conquer one important ability to manufacturing tools are able to use natural fire,This is the Peking Man will conquer one important ability to .
fire can be used to cold lighting, stalking prey, and can also be the roast food, cooked food can promote physical and mental development fire can be used to cold lighting, stalking prey, and can also be the roast food, cooked food can promote physical and mental development . - - was found burned to ashes from over - and animal - plant fossils are of Peking Man like - - was found burned to ashes from over - and animal - plant fossils are of Peking Man like .
life extremely hard, beasts, hunger and natural disasters, resulting in their lives, to make it to 30 or more of a minority, about one - third of the human only live to thirteen life extremely hard, beasts, hunger and natural disasters, resulting in their lives, to make it to 30 or more of a minority, about one - third of the human only live to thirteen . stubbornly difficult to conquer, remake itself, createdsplendid culture stubbornly difficult to conquer, remake itself, createdsplendid culture .
legacy in the rich relics for the study of human origins and society,development provides important information on the site for legacy in the rich relics for the study of human origins and society,development provides important information on the site for . 1921 in August by the Swedish geologist J.G. Andersson and American, Austrian paleontologist teacher Dan discovers that, since 1927 he excavated the 
Found
On December 2, 1929, Pei Wenzhong, Chinese archaeologists unearthed the first complete skull, while during this period that the skull was in 1941 when missing on record, according to one of the only true mystery On December 2, 1929, Pei Wenzhong, Chinese archaeologists unearthed the first complete skull, while during this period that the skull was in 1941 when missing on record, according to one of the only true mystery . extant specimen is the 1966 discovery of a build - up layer from the top of the skull of Peking Man extant specimen is the 1966 discovery of a build - up layer from the top of the skull of Peking Man .
model and later discovered the stone artifacts, bone, model and later discovered the stone artifacts, bone, . who took part in the excavation of the academicians of the Chinese personnel including, later, sir, with his death, that year a batch of photos of the unmanned mining Arrange and keep who took part in the excavation of the academicians of the Chinese personnel including, later, sir, with his death, that year a batch of photos of the unmanned mining Arrange and keep .
Chinese Homo erectus fossil, which is usually called a Peking ape - man,Chinese man Beijing Zhoukoudian Chinese Homo erectus fossil, which is usually called a Peking ape - man,Chinese man Beijing Zhoukoudian . from east - west near the cave in which from east - west near the cave in which .
is the accumulation of the discovered in 1921, 1927 and began to dig through the is the accumulation of the discovered in 1921, 1927 and began to dig through the . December 1929, here unearthed the first complete skull of Beijing, despite the fact that he found the stone artifacts, bone angle, the article and the fire remains December 1929, here unearthed the first complete skull of Beijing, despite the fact that he found the stone artifacts, bone angle, the article and the fire remains .
the outbreak of the Marco Polo Bridge Incident in 1937, Peking abort the outbreak of the Marco Polo Bridge Incident in 1937, Peking abort . 50s after dry human fossil unearthed if 50s after dry human fossil unearthed if .
the punishment to be discovered, has unearthed belong to 40 individuals of human fossils, stone artifacts were found in 10 cases and bone article, hundreds of species of mammal fossils,hundreds of species of fossil birds, as well as being able to fire the presence of a large number of ash layer the punishment to be discovered, has unearthed belong to 40 individuals of human fossils, stone artifacts were found in 10 cases and bone article, hundreds of species of mammal fossils,hundreds of species of fossil birds, as well as being able to fire the presence of a large number of ash layer . these discoveries made here on the material to become the world's most systematic, most rich people of Beijing Man Site these discoveries made here on the material to become the world's most systematic, most rich people of Beijing Man Site .
findings are significant, proving the existence of homo erectus, making it clear that the development of the human sequence, is" From Ape to Man "at this very important evidence findings are significant, proving the existence of homo erectus, making it clear that the development of the human sequence, is" From Ape to Man "at this very important evidence . 1991, Peking Man Site 1991, Peking Man Site .
as the world cultural heritage of Beijing in human evolution has come a long way, but its appearance still retains many original as the world cultural heritage of Beijing in human evolution has come a long way, but its appearance still retains many original . traits such as low and flat skull, prominent eyebrow ridges, facial short snout in front; only the average brain capacity of 1000 ml,It's only about 2 / 3 and modern; short body, a male with a height of about 156 cm, 144 cm (female); shorter arm length, head forward leaning, seemed to steady himself, giving the impression that traits such as low and flat skull, prominent eyebrow ridges, facial short snout in front; only the average brain capacity of 1000 ml,It's only about 2 / 3 and modern; short body, a male with a height of about 156 cm, 144 cm (female); shorter arm length, head forward leaning, seemed to steady himself, giving the impression that .
actually its extremities has been associated with close to a steady walk upright actually its extremities has been associated with close to a steady walk upright . Beijing heritage features people from the nearby beach, on a hillside picking quartz, chert, sandstone stones taken from stone to stone chipped a scraper, drill, the tip holder, an engraver, chopping and other tools used to dismember the prey, hewing to wooden spears, chopping wood, digging tubers etc. as required by some scholars to believe that
,- now - will manufacture the bone ,- now - will manufacture the bone . except the hunting, edible wild fruit, leaves, tubers, insects, birds, frogs, snakes and other small animals are also daily food source except the hunting, edible wild fruit, leaves, tubers, insects, birds, frogs, snakes and other small animals are also daily food source .
charred hackberry seeds in the cave layers, the director of the American Indians are still eating wild fruit charred hackberry seeds in the cave layers, the director of the American Indians are still eating wild fruit . deer, antelope, and perhaps for the wild boar, buffalo and other large animals, and occasionally in Beijing become the prey of any man, their bones often appear in the cave, above often have clear cut marks deer, antelope, and perhaps for the wild boar, buffalo and other large animals, and occasionally in Beijing become the prey of any man, their bones often appear in the cave, above often have clear cut marks .
Beijing people will use to fire, explaining piles of ash were already able to well manage the fire Beijing people will use to fire, explaining piles of ash were already able to well manage the fire . scientists unearthed the fossils of animals and plants, the erstwhile Zhoukoudian area's dense forest,aquatic vegetation, climate was warmer than it is today North scientists unearthed the fossils of animals and plants, the erstwhile Zhoukoudian area's dense forest,aquatic vegetation, climate was warmer than it is today North .
With global climate fluctuations, here in the hundreds of thousands of years they discontinued the use of warm and wet by frequent alternating of With global climate fluctuations, here in the hundreds of thousands of years they discontinued the use of warm and wet by frequent alternating of . Beijing people will use to fire is greatly increase their ability to adapt to the Beijing people will use to fire is greatly increase their ability to adapt to the .
study, found that beijing is usually made by a group of dozens of forged study, found that beijing is usually made by a group of dozens of forged . life is very short, most people in the 14 - year - old who died before it was life is very short, most people in the 14 - year - old who died before it was .
Heritage site by UNESCO in December 1987 with the approval of the Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site as a World Heritage Site Heritage site by UNESCO in December 1987 with the approval of the Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site as a World Heritage Site .
Found
In 1918
China's Beiyang Government mining consultant, Swedish archaeologist J.G. in geology and the discovery of the Zhoukoudian fossils containing fissure deposits 1921, Anderson and Austrian paleontologist teacher Dan Lipinski et al. in the local populace, encouraged by the Dragon Bone Slope again and looking for a larger, richer localities, which later came to be known as Peking Man Site "1 Zhoukoudian site"
1921 and in 1923, has unearthed two teeth in the area, and the human genus 1921 and in 1923, has unearthed two teeth in the area, and the human genus . because of the discovery, in 1927 in the Zhoukoudian excavations carried on the overall system,Vertebrate by Swedish scientist B. Bulin and Chinese geologist Li Jie
hosted that year and found 1 man left under constant molar hosted that year and found 1 man left under constant molar . the Peking Union Medical College, Chair of the Department of Anatomy, Canadian anatomist Davidson Black, have been found in 3 of the tooth, this news I've never seen a hominin arranged a latinized name pekinensis was translated into French ("Beijing Chinese ape - man", meaning "Beijing Chinese") the Peking Union Medical College, Chair of the Department of Anatomy, Canadian anatomist Davidson Black, have been found in 3 of the tooth, this news I've never seen a hominin arranged a latinized name pekinensis was translated into French ("Beijing Chinese ape - man", meaning "Beijing Chinese") .
chinese geologists, on American paleontologist (1870 - 1946) gave it a name: the "Peking Man"(Peking Man) chinese geologists, on American paleontologist (1870 - 1946) gave it a name: the "Peking Man"(Peking Man) . now has put a "genus"," species" and Javanese merged, it established a "subspecies", renamed the" Beijing Homo erectus, the species" Homo erectus pekinensis) now has put a "genus"," species" and Javanese merged, it established a "subspecies", renamed the" Beijing Homo erectus, the species" Homo erectus pekinensis) .
In 1929
Chinese archaeologist Pei Wenzhong of Peking University in the Department of Geology (graduation solo), 2 December afternoon discovered a complete skull of Peking Man Chinese archaeologist Pei Wenzhong of Peking University in the Department of Geology (graduation solo), 2 December afternoon discovered a complete skull of Peking Man . the announcement, the world academia the announcement, the world academia .
Prior to that, although Germany's Neander, Java of "Homo erectus" (in Javanese) and Germany's Heidelberg Man's bones had been formed, but these findings since the conservative idea are not recognized by the academic world; even in the evolution of the scholars, the origins of mankind and that those found in human evolution and the status, vary as well. disagree with Beijing after the discovery of the human skull, especially subsequently found stone tools and fire to relics, Homo erectus and the science of the affirmative determination is obtained, thereby essentially defines the sequence of human evolution, from ape to man "of great theory provides powerful evidence disagree with Beijing after the discovery of the human skull, especially subsequently found stone tools and fire to relics, Homo erectus and the science of the affirmative determination is obtained, thereby essentially defines the sequence of human evolution, from ape to man "of great theory provides powerful evidence .
In 1937
Because the Japanese imperialists launched a full - out invasion of China, the Zhoukoudian excavations were interrupted by Because the Japanese imperialists launched a full - out invasion of China, the Zhoukoudian excavations were interrupted by . was discovered from Beijing a total of five skulls, and skull fragments, in which the surface of the bone, mandible, femur, humerus, clavicle bone, the teeth and the teeth 147 such as was discovered from Beijing a total of five skulls, and skull fragments, in which the surface of the bone, mandible, femur, humerus, clavicle bone, the teeth and the teeth 147 such as .
these precious specimens, December 1941 after the outbreak of war in the Pacific, all in a few hands of the US got these precious specimens, December 1941 after the outbreak of war in the Pacific, all in a few hands of the US got . were unaccounted for after the founding of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC), excavations of the Zhoukoudian excavations recovered were unaccounted for after the founding of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC), excavations of the Zhoukoudian excavations recovered .
times, learned that Beijing people of 5 teeth, a mandible;1966 also from the top of the heap of skulls found a dilapidated times, learned that Beijing people of 5 teeth, a mandible;1966 also from the top of the heap of skulls found a dilapidated . Furthermore, again from 1937 - discovered bones in the forearm and a tibial segment recognized Furthermore, again from 1937 - discovered bones in the forearm and a tibial segment recognized .
if discovered before and are counted, giving a total of 40 individual belonging to a plurality of the Peking man fossil at the same time if discovered before and are counted, giving a total of 40 individual belonging to a plurality of the Peking man fossil at the same time ., found that fewer than 100,000 pieces of stoneware, and rich, bone tools and antlers with fire and the ruins of Peking Man Site , found that fewer than 100,000 pieces of stoneware, and rich, bone tools and antlers with fire and the ruins of Peking Man Site .
material, found all over the world at the same stage of the cave sites in the material, which is the most abundant and most of the system, as the study of early Paleolithic human culture and provided valuable information on material, found all over the world at the same stage of the cave sites in the material, which is the most abundant and most of the system, as the study of early Paleolithic human culture and provided valuable information on .
Significance
stratigraphic accumulation and dating of Peking Man Site of deposits with a thickness of 40 m above sea level at the upper 34 meters stratigraphic accumulation and dating of Peking Man Site of deposits with a thickness of 40 m above sea level at the upper 34 meters . fossils and the build - up, in accordance with changes in lithology can be divided into from up to down layer 13 mainly by the collapse of the cave within limestone fragments and water into the inside of the clay, silt, silty clay of eluvial deposits constitute fossils and the build - up, in accordance with changes in lithology can be divided into from up to down layer 13 mainly by the collapse of the cave within limestone fragments and water into the inside of the clay, silt, silty clay of eluvial deposits constitute .
in Beijing still have the fire to ashes from ashes in Beijing still have the fire to ashes from ashes . larger layers is 4, and the fourth layer of ash is thickest at the 6 - meter larger layers is 4, and the fourth layer of ash is thickest at the 6 - meter .
from the 13th floor discovered fossils of the above, this layer also unearthed several stone tools,indicates that there were early human fossils of the nature of the activities of the from the 13th floor discovered fossils of the above, this layer also unearthed several stone tools,indicates that there were early human fossils of the nature of the activities of the . 11 ~ 13 layers of the era and the ruins of a point about 1. 5 kilometers of the Zhoukoudian site 13 quite
is also a cave, stone artifacts were found, Ashes, burned bones and fossil mammals, is the earliest area of Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site and Remains is also a cave, stone artifacts were found, Ashes, burned bones and fossil mammals, is the earliest area of Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site and Remains . layer 1 - 3 times for substantially the same, Zhoukoudian has 15, and the fourth and third place layer 1 - 3 times for substantially the same, Zhoukoudian has 15, and the fourth and third place .
and the like wherein the Zhoukoudian site unearthed material 15 of the most abundant, there are a large number of animal fossils and stone artifacts, ashes and burned bones and the like wherein the Zhoukoudian site unearthed material 15 of the most abundant, there are a large number of animal fossils and stone artifacts, ashes and burned bones . and two years and not much, but in fourth place was the discovery of a human tooth,in addition to thereby become the Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site, the Upper cave man site other than a human fossil unearthed there place and two years and not much, but in fourth place was the discovery of a human tooth,in addition to thereby become the Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site, the Upper cave man site other than a human fossil unearthed there place .
the three sites, according to some researchers there buck and deer - era of the later fossils considered to have arrived in late Upper - pleistocene in the valley of the early era of Peking Man Site the three sites, according to some researchers there buck and deer - era of the later fossils considered to have arrived in late Upper - pleistocene in the valley of the early era of Peking Man Site . a a .
did, Anderson and Shi Dan believes the Pliocene is did, Anderson and Shi Dan believes the Pliocene is . in the late 1950s and into the 20th century, the French palaeontologist Teilhard de Chardin (1881 ~ 1955) and Chinese vertebrate paleontology theorist Thorp, etc, to the fauna of the nature of the sound,found this site than the Nihewan as late stage than the stage of early Pleistocene loess in the 60s in the late 1950s and into the 20th century, the French palaeontologist Teilhard de Chardin (1881 ~ 1955) and Chinese vertebrate paleontology theorist Thorp, etc, to the fauna of the nature of the sound,found this site than the Nihewan as late stage than the stage of early Pleistocene loess in the 60s .
Lantian Man was found after it has been suggested to use in middle Pleistocene is divided into two periods, early on, that of the Gongwangling Fauna from Lantian containing relics at the Late containing fauna of Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site is the representative of China (see paleolithic archaeology in 1976 after the Lantian Man was found after it has been suggested to use in middle Pleistocene is divided into two periods, early on, that of the Gongwangling Fauna from Lantian containing relics at the Late containing fauna of Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site is the representative of China (see paleolithic archaeology in 1976 after the .), the use of U - series dating, fission track dating, paleomagnetic methods in determination of Beijing in the run - up to the people of the cave sites, is that the layer 13 is more than 7000 million to 20 million or so years, 14 of the layer below as early as 7000 years ), the use of U - series dating, fission track dating, paleomagnetic methods in determination of Beijing in the run - up to the people of the cave sites, is that the layer 13 is more than 7000 million to 20 million or so years, 14 of the layer below as early as 7000 years .
Physical Characteristics
Peking Man skull most of the width and slightly on the left earhole, gradually narrowed upward, the cross - section of a parabolic Peking Man skull most of the width and slightly on the left earhole, gradually narrowed upward, the cross - section of a parabolic . this modern skulls with the widest section is moved to the neurocranium of Central Tianshan Mountains, and Neanderthals also low compared to some of the people this modern skulls with the widest section is moved to the neurocranium of Central Tianshan Mountains, and Neanderthals also low compared to some of the people .
Beijing - a flat skull, forehead to tilt back, although they are now higher than the apes, but lower than modern humans, Bini, who also has a slightly lower Beijing - a flat skull, forehead to tilt back, although they are now higher than the apes, but lower than modern humans, Bini, who also has a slightly lower . Beijing people of average brain capacity of 1043 is cubic centimeters, between ape and modern man Beijing people of average brain capacity of 1043 is cubic centimeters, between ape and modern man .
their skulls than modern humans about double the thickness their skulls than modern humans about double the thickness . eyebrow ridges are sturdy, well forward, arranged side - by - side and connected to the top of the skull is obviously eyebrow ridges are sturdy, well forward, arranged side - by - side and connected to the top of the skull is obviously .
median sagittal crest,the back of the skull have well developed occipital protuberance, median sagittal crest,the back of the skull have well developed occipital protuberance, . Beijing people face a shorter snout in front, no chin Beijing people face a shorter snout in front, no chin .
have flat and broad nasal bone and zygomatic bone, the zygomatic bone faces forward, suggesting that they have a wide nose and low and flat faces toward the front, of the inner surface of the mandible have flat and broad nasal bone and zygomatic bone, the zygomatic bone faces forward, suggesting that they have a wide nose and low and flat faces toward the front, of the inner surface of the mandible . obvious mandibular torus obvious mandibular torus .
their teeth, or tooth crown than apes, preserved the crown of the texture is also simple, but coarser than humans, much more complex their teeth, or tooth crown than apes, preserved the crown of the texture is also simple, but coarser than humans, much more complex . Furthermore, canines and incisors on the inside of the surface of the tongue and by a bottom extending to the margin of the nodules or finger - like; on the inside and the outside of the lingual surfaces of the incisors is obvious spade Furthermore, canines and incisors on the inside of the surface of the tongue and by a bottom extending to the margin of the nodules or finger - like; on the inside and the outside of the lingual surfaces of the incisors is obvious spade .
Beijing head of the person and the preservation of the pristine nature of Javanese is similar,Thus they belong to Homo erectus Beijing head of the person and the preservation of the pristine nature of Javanese is similar,Thus they belong to Homo erectus . Beijing human development stage of a shovel - shaped incisors, a broad nose and low and flat faces, the inner surface of the mandible against the anterior of the mandibular torus, etc., indicate that they have an obvious feature of modern Mongoloids
lower limb bone marrow cavity is smaller than the width of the thicker wall of the medullary cavity of the femur (diaphysis only accounted for one - third of the minimum diameter, modern people account for half of the tibial medullary cavity) smaller in size, shape, and the proportion of muscle attachments on have similarity with modern people, who have proved adept at walking upright lower limb bone marrow cavity is smaller than the width of the thicker wall of the medullary cavity of the femur (diaphysis only accounted for one - third of the minimum diameter, modern people account for half of the tibial medullary cavity) smaller in size, shape, and the proportion of muscle attachments on have similarity with modern people, who have proved adept at walking upright . Beijing people of medullary cavity of upper limbs in addition to the relatively small wall thickness, and the modern degree of proximity of the skeletons was stronger than his,They have been described for upper limb can be carried out with the modern, fairly similar to the activities of the Beijing people of medullary cavity of upper limbs in addition to the relatively small wall thickness, and the modern degree of proximity of the skeletons was stronger than his,They have been described for upper limb can be carried out with the modern, fairly similar to the activities of the .
Beijing people, from the discovery of a complete length of the femur, is about 1. 56 ~ 1.57 meters Beijing Beijing culture of the people's cultural relics including stone artifacts, bone and fire Beijing Beijing culture of the people's cultural relics including stone artifacts, bone and fire .
vestiges of mainly stone to stone tools, stone microblades is less, and most of them small vestiges of mainly stone to stone tools, stone microblades is less, and most of them small . raw material from the hole and into the grove of vein quartz, sandstone, quartzite, flint, gravel and the like, and there are more than two kilometres outside of granite on the hillside to the Crystal raw material from the hole and into the grove of vein quartz, sandstone, quartzite, flint, gravel and the like, and there are more than two kilometres outside of granite on the hillside to the Crystal .
Beijingers to gravel when the hammer, according to the respectively as per different direct hit,touch the anvil and struck by flaking Beijingers to gravel when the hammer, according to the respectively as per different direct hit,touch the anvil and struck by flaking ., in which the contents of the bashing that generated from the poles and the poles of the cores and flakes, of all the stonework in the consumer, and Beijing culture constitutes one of the important characteristics of , in which the contents of the bashing that generated from the poles and the poles of the cores and flakes, of all the stonework in the consumer, and Beijing culture constitutes one of the important characteristics of .
secondarily processing Multipurpose stone hammer striking the side under a master silversmith, and most of the rupture by facing the back - surface processing secondarily processing Multipurpose stone hammer striking the side under a master silversmith, and most of the rupture by facing the back - surface processing . Beijing people are rich, chop chop, scraper, carver, the rock - hammer and stone anvil, and so they choose the Beijing people are rich, chop chop, scraper, carver, the rock - hammer and stone anvil, and so they choose the .
oblate of quartz sandstone or gravel, from one or both sides - - a play on the edge, which is made of a chopping device of this kind of oblate of quartz sandstone or gravel, from one or both sides - - a play on the edge, which is made of a chopping device of this kind of . stone stone .
is large in size "scrapers" are collected with a different size of the flakes, has a disk - shaped, straight edge,convex blade, a concave edge, multilateral shape or the like, is in the tools section commands far more is large in size "scrapers" are collected with a different size of the flakes, has a disk - shaped, straight edge,convex blade, a concave edge, multilateral shape or the like, is in the tools section commands far more . "tip" and "carver" is the small but they are comparatively delicate, small in size, ranging in size from a few finger - sized objects, making procedure and the method of fixing chipped compared, reflect a certain technologies with "tip" and "carver" is the small but they are comparatively delicate, small in size, ranging in size from a few finger - sized objects, making procedure and the method of fixing chipped compared, reflect a certain technologies with .
(see picture painted with "Beijing" of the tip) of the known world in the same period of the site, which also had not heard of the delicacy on a par with similar stone (see picture painted with "Beijing" of the tip) of the known world in the same period of the site, which also had not heard of the delicacy on a par with similar stone . is matched to the rock - hammer and stone anvil they were making stone tools from the tool is matched to the rock - hammer and stone anvil they were making stone tools from the tool .
left on the rock - hammer percussion marks can be seen, a Beijing man who is good with the right hand operation left on the rock - hammer percussion marks can be seen, a Beijing man who is good with the right hand operation . Furthermore,In some processing of stone, often also found that the use of a trace of blockage by Furthermore,In some processing of stone, often also found that the use of a trace of blockage by .
Stone Tools
fine stone as the main component of the Beijing people to butchering, the Paleolithic Culture in North China are the two major traditional one, i.e. "the Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site at location (1) - of Shiyu is the major component of" tradition not only in North China, but also from the Middle Paleolithic and later in the Southwest, and Northeast also has a wide range of effects (see Chinese Palaeolithic cave) tradition not only in North China, but also from the Middle Paleolithic and later in the Southwest, and Northeast also has a wide range of effects (see Chinese Palaeolithic cave) .
. There are many broken bones and some researchers believe that some of them are from Beijing and made use of for example bone There are many broken bones and some researchers believe that some of them are from Beijing and made use of for example bone .
,truncation of antlers root both sturdy and solid, may be used when the hammer, the truncation of the tips of its horns could be digging tools from these antlers on ,truncation of antlers root both sturdy and solid, may be used when the hammer, the truncation of the tips of its horns could be digging tools from these antlers on . can be seen, a Beijing man who has mastered a to - be - cut in places with fire, so as to make it easier to cut - off method, for example, many deer skull only kept as the gourd - like cap, there is clear from the hitting trace, most of which is processed again, the retained portion of the shape is also fairly consistent, can be considered to be the result of the water vessel has a major axis of the limb bones can be seen, a Beijing man who has mastered a to - be - cut in places with fire, so as to make it easier to cut - off method, for example, many deer skull only kept as the gourd - like cap, there is clear from the hitting trace, most of which is processed again, the retained portion of the shape is also fairly consistent, can be considered to be the result of the water vessel has a major axis of the limb bones .
cis - cleaving, cheng combat into a pointed or knife - shaped; a piece of bone at the edge of the setbacks of the traces may also be used as tools but cis - cleaving, cheng combat into a pointed or knife - shaped; a piece of bone at the edge of the setbacks of the traces may also be used as tools but .,Some scholars in Beijing, whether the person to make and use the bone that the opposite is true ,Some scholars in Beijing, whether the person to make and use the bone that the opposite is true .
the peking man cave in a layer of ash, many found the burned stone, bone and hackberry seeds, and there were gobs of Cercis the peking man cave in a layer of ash, many found the burned stone, bone and hackberry seeds, and there were gobs of Cercis . have heaps of ashes and charcoal, suggesting that they have been able to well manage the fire have heaps of ashes and charcoal, suggesting that they have been able to well manage the fire .
Though still unable to prove that Beijing people have been able to make fire, but they obviously learnt saving tinder Though still unable to prove that Beijing people have been able to make fire, but they obviously learnt saving tinder . natural environment Beijing people lived to the north is the overlap of the mountains to the west and southwest there are gentle hills around it and to the southeast is a vast plain, Gunnar Andersson in the east has a river natural environment Beijing people lived to the north is the overlap of the mountains to the west and southwest there are gentle hills around it and to the southeast is a vast plain, Gunnar Andersson in the east has a river .
Beijing people living in it,Climate change and the natural environment by Beijing people living in it,Climate change and the natural environment by . early cold, possibly also at Middlebury - Riss interglacial of the early cold - loving animals such as wolverines, cave bears, elk, and woolly rhinoceros and other fossils in that predominate in the early cold, possibly also at Middlebury - Riss interglacial of the early cold - loving animals such as wolverines, cave bears, elk, and woolly rhinoceros and other fossils in that predominate in the .
in a warm, warm - blooded animal such as a bamboo rat, Shuo in rhesus monkeys, buffalo, choukoutien are preponderant in a warm, warm - blooded animal such as a bamboo rat, Shuo in rhesus monkeys, buffalo, choukoutien are preponderant . Because unearthed An ostrich's deputy and a giant camel fossils etc, confirmed there had been drought periods, appear across the prairie or even desert Because unearthed An ostrich's deputy and a giant camel fossils etc, confirmed there had been drought periods, appear across the prairie or even desert .
the otter, cuvier's giant beaver, beaver and aquatic animal is found, indicates that there were also areas of water the otter, cuvier's giant beaver, beaver and aquatic animal is found, indicates that there were also areas of water . Beijing people living in caves, Beijing people living in caves,.
engaged in hunting and gathering in the ashes of the discovery of broken and burned bone, suggesting that they already know in engaged in hunting and gathering in the ashes of the discovery of broken and burned bone, suggesting that they already know in . cooked - to - severe natural conditions, Beijing people rely on the strength of the masses and it is struggling for survival struggle head cooked - to - severe natural conditions, Beijing people rely on the strength of the masses and it is struggling for survival struggle head .
seasons change, natural disasters, predators, disease, and that none of them can give them enormous threat seasons change, natural disasters, predators, disease, and that none of them can give them enormous threat . century.The fossil from dozens of Beijing human individuals of age tell us, and its mortality is very high, which may also be applied to their living conditions were extremely poor.
Ape - Man And Animals
When people living in Zhoukoudian, near Beijing, in the neighborhood and now When people living in Zhoukoudian, near Beijing, in the neighborhood and now . mild and humid climate than at the time of the terrain to the north and high mountains, connecting the Western Hills of Beijing, to the west and southwest is the gentle rolling hills and mild and humid climate than at the time of the terrain to the north and high mountains, connecting the Western Hills of Beijing, to the west and southwest is the gentle rolling hills and .
the mountains down the mountain with various kinds of trees and lush undergrowth that the mountains down the mountain with various kinds of trees and lush undergrowth that . ferocious saber - toothed cats, wolves, bears and other wild animals, born in the forest, and out of the mountains and plains, threatening the safety of Beijing ferocious saber - toothed cats, wolves, bears and other wild animals, born in the forest, and out of the mountains and plains, threatening the safety of Beijing .
saber - toothed cat had the shape and size of the features of the approximation with the modern tiger, upper canine teeth are flat, there's a jagged, sharp as a dagger saber - toothed cat had the shape and size of the features of the approximation with the modern tiger, upper canine teeth are flat, there's a jagged, sharp as a dagger . saber - toothed cats, used for food, my mouth is very big, very fierce saber - toothed cats, used for food, my mouth is very big, very fierce .
Beijing people are frequently the Gladiators fought wild animals, Beijing people are frequently the Gladiators fought wild animals,. lost their flocks to go hunting, primarily for the hunting of Megaceros, sika deer, wild goats and wild horses like lost their flocks to go hunting, primarily for the hunting of Megaceros, sika deer, wild goats and wild horses like .
Problem
Not the ancestors of the chinese people?in accordance with the now widely accepted by most scholars, modern East Asian people is about five years ago from Africa to East Asia's human offspring Not the ancestors of the chinese people?in accordance with the now widely accepted by most scholars, modern East Asian people is about five years ago from Africa to East Asia's human offspring .. The research found that Peking Man and today the Chinese have no relationship to this far undetermined
. international academia as hominins originated in Africa over the question of not much, but in recent years for the origin of the problem but there is fierce debate over international academia as hominins originated in Africa over the question of not much, but in recent years for the origin of the problem but there is fierce debate over .
Sweden Uppsala university scientists is typical of many scholars to conclude that genetic testing data show that there exist approximately 20 years ago or in africa, in offspring in about 13 years ago out of Africa migration and replaced the Europe, Sweden Uppsala university scientists is typical of many scholars to conclude that genetic testing data show that there exist approximately 20 years ago or in africa, in offspring in about 13 years ago out of Africa migration and replaced the Europe,. hominin in Asia hominin in Asia.
And Researchers
American Human Genetics Center at the University of Texas scientists Jin forces working with Chinese institutes of scientific research cooperation after also wrote that, the current genetic evidence does not support Chinese of Homo sapiens (in Asia) have independent origins, instead arguing that, 4 million to 6 million years ago Homo sapiens arrived in Africa from southern China, and gradually replaced the Asian land of the ancients American Human Genetics Center at the University of Texas scientists Jin forces working with Chinese institutes of scientific research cooperation after also wrote that, the current genetic evidence does not support Chinese of Homo sapiens (in Asia) have independent origins, instead arguing that, 4 million to 6 million years ago Homo sapiens arrived in Africa from southern China, and gradually replaced the Asian land of the ancients . however gene research of reliability is a matter of debate, scientists typically only mitochondrial DNA sequence of interest accounts for 7% of the "control zone", the other regions and the case are being ignored, academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences however gene research of reliability is a matter of debate, scientists typically only mitochondrial DNA sequence of interest accounts for 7% of the "control zone", the other regions and the case are being ignored, academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences .
,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences researcher said Wu Xinzhi, a gene proved as compared with the fossil evidence is more important, because they are more direct ,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences researcher said Wu Xinzhi, a gene proved as compared with the fossil evidence is more important, because they are more direct . many people accept hominins originated in Africa, because people had discovered more than 400 years ago and the 150 million to 300 million years ago walking upright fossils he thinks many people accept hominins originated in Africa, because people had discovered more than 400 years ago and the 150 million to 300 million years ago walking upright fossils he thinks .
fossil evidence that modern humans originated in mainland China of the early Homo sapiens fossil evidence that modern humans originated in mainland China of the early Homo sapiens . 50 over the years, Chinese archaeologists working in Yuanmou, Yunnan, Shaanxi Lantian.FROM HEXIAN et al. found a 60 multiple hominin fossil sites and over 1000 places. Some archaeological
copious amounts of fossil and archaeological evidence, from to are respectively the Sinanthropus Pekinensis site, as a representative of the Homo erectus to modern Chinese people, "there is no discontinuity, is river - like pushing the boundaries of a small amount of accompanying hybrids copious amounts of fossil and archaeological evidence, from to are respectively the Sinanthropus Pekinensis site, as a representative of the Homo erectus to modern Chinese people, "there is no discontinuity, is river - like pushing the boundaries of a small amount of accompanying hybrids . French paleontologist Jean - Yves Pang also maintains that the fossil evidence than genes can say more with French paleontologist Jean - Yves Pang also maintains that the fossil evidence than genes can say more with .
he believes that the Asian and Asian modern hominins did exist between the continuous, long or short, China sees the value in each period of the Asian fossils are a common feature of he believes that the Asian and Asian modern hominins did exist between the continuous, long or short, China sees the value in each period of the Asian fossils are a common feature of . series." It's hard to believe that we are all modern humans originated in Africa "
gene detection to infer human origins in there is just a question of perspective, this is only an indirect evidence, still belongs to the speculative scientists detect gene detection to infer human origins in there is just a question of perspective, this is only an indirect evidence, still belongs to the speculative scientists detect . belong to Africa between European Neanderthal fossils, paleo - only about 380 base pairs of the human body, and a total of about 30 billion base pairs of the belong to Africa between European Neanderthal fossils, paleo - only about 380 base pairs of the human body, and a total of about 30 billion base pairs of the .
to detect a small amount of genetic material presumably of the whole human race, in which the reliability degree is imaginable to detect a small amount of genetic material presumably of the whole human race, in which the reliability degree is imaginable . Africa says the widely circulated media is mainly the result of the propaganda, engaged in the work of the scientists speculate that genes relevant to their work and communication reliability constraints is accountable,But media hype when he has on this portion avoids any mention of the attraction of audiovisual reaches its destination Africa says the widely circulated media is mainly the result of the propaganda, engaged in the work of the scientists speculate that genes relevant to their work and communication reliability constraints is accountable,But media hype when he has on this portion avoids any mention of the attraction of audiovisual reaches its destination .
Development Of World Archaeology
In The Middle Of The 19th Century
in the world have gone on to find mankind's ancestors, from Europe to Africa in a wide region over its western explorers of the footprint, however, over the past half - century, humanity's prehistoric world is still an enigma in the world have gone on to find mankind's ancestors, from Europe to Africa in a wide region over its western explorers of the footprint, however, over the past half - century, humanity's prehistoric world is still an enigma . the end of the 19th century, the struggle to find the explorer eventually turned his attention to Orient, but China, an ancient and mysterious land, began to attract attention from around the world the end of the 19th century, the struggle to find the explorer eventually turned his attention to Orient, but China, an ancient and mysterious land, began to attract attention from around the world .
Germans, internationally known paleoanthropologist, In the spring of 1935, he arrived in China Germans, internationally known paleoanthropologist, In the spring of 1935, he arrived in China . Beijing. B floor office, he undertook a dream job,fully responsible for the Zhoukoudian Peking Man excavations and study
1920s
By chance, someone in the Zhoukoudian cave, found a human - like fossils, then in 1927 a formal excavations By chance, someone in the Zhoukoudian cave, found a human - like fossils, then in 1927 a formal excavations . however found stone tools from however found stone tools from .
shocked the world, by fire to complete the Ape - man skull, Zhoukoudian, human history and have a minimum of 50 years, at once, here being identified as the human origins of Haram shocked the world, by fire to complete the Ape - man skull, Zhoukoudian, human history and have a minimum of 50 years, at once, here being identified as the human origins of Haram . in the face of such a rare opportunity to study, "excited", he worked all night and work in the face of such a rare opportunity to study, "excited", he worked all night and work .
was different from the rest of the discovery brought him the more huge surprise was different from the rest of the discovery brought him the more huge surprise . 1936 of winter,Chinese scholars locate three consecutive Ape - man skull, which is also the world's first once found so many hominin skulls 1936 of winter,Chinese scholars locate three consecutive Ape - man skull, which is also the world's first once found so many hominin skulls .
all day on the skull, in his eyes, they're so perfect, but strangely, the skull there's always some cracks and holes, is left looking like scars, which momentarily puzzled all day on the skull, in his eyes, they're so perfect, but strangely, the skull there's always some cracks and holes, is left looking like scars, which momentarily puzzled . while in Beijing of constantly poised for good news in all parts of the world, ancestors of the finding that did not stop, although many found to be emulated are respectively the Sinanthropus Pekinensis site, but it could be a prehistoric world is revealed only while in Beijing of constantly poised for good news in all parts of the world, ancestors of the finding that did not stop, although many found to be emulated are respectively the Sinanthropus Pekinensis site, but it could be a prehistoric world is revealed only .
, as people with primary human understanding more and more,A feeling of unease, dewy , as people with primary human understanding more and more,A feeling of unease, dewy .
Prehistoric Ape - Man
In 1899 in Croatia in the Krapina cave archaeologists found of prehistoric Europe 13 years ago of a Neanderthal skull and limbs, just crushing their abnormal, block 650, but also was struck by an object and burn in the In 1899 in Croatia in the Krapina cave archaeologists found of prehistoric Europe 13 years ago of a Neanderthal skull and limbs, just crushing their abnormal, block 650, but also was struck by an object and burn in the . 1909 in France's La Ferrassie cave excavated at the site of another Neanderthal skulls, rupture of the very serious, leading to speculation that people are eating brains smashed head 1909 in France's La Ferrassie cave excavated at the site of another Neanderthal skulls, rupture of the very serious, leading to speculation that people are eating brains smashed head .
in 1924 in South Africa also had found millions of Australopithecus fossils, but their head round to combat a spike of the trace,One of the discoverers of Raymond Dart and Dr., he said, apparently, their heads are similar to break off, it is increasingly apparent that all point to a terrible truth, in the last few tens of thousands or even millions of years, hominids were likely universal participation was the most appalling things to eat each other!So, the prehistoric Peking Man and also related to cannibalism? it is increasingly apparent that all point to a terrible truth, in the last few tens of thousands or even millions of years, hominids were likely universal participation was the most appalling things to eat each other!So, the prehistoric Peking Man and also related to cannibalism?.
Relations With China
However, the Peking Man discovery for each of the Chinese people, to acquire a However, the Peking Man discovery for each of the Chinese people, to acquire a . in 1920s and 1930s, almost a century of foreign invasion and weakness of Chinese society, and in 1929, Zhoukoudian, Beijing has discovered the first skull, were all immediately realises that it's meaningful, even in the presence of the photographer excited to even the discoverer of the shoe heads to in 1920s and 1930s, almost a century of foreign invasion and weakness of Chinese society, and in 1929, Zhoukoudian, Beijing has discovered the first skull, were all immediately realises that it's meaningful, even in the presence of the photographer excited to even the discoverer of the shoe heads to .
paleolithic human history 50 years earlier, the discovery that China was the birthplace of humanity, the kind of pride and dignity for years to remain in the minds of the Chinese people paleolithic human history 50 years earlier, the discovery that China was the birthplace of humanity, the kind of pride and dignity for years to remain in the minds of the Chinese people . acclaimed Peking Man. - How's about to eat each other,This is like a lot of things
prehistoric world of shadows without affecting, as he prepares the anticipation, the original human life has begun to slowly unrolled before him prehistoric world of shadows without affecting, as he prepares the anticipation, the original human life has begun to slowly unrolled before him . 50 million - year - old Beijing Zhoukoudian is lush virgin forest, the hills, singing birds and fragrant flowers are respectively the Sinanthropus Pekinensis site is here as a splendid life 50 million - year - old Beijing Zhoukoudian is lush virgin forest, the hills, singing birds and fragrant flowers are respectively the Sinanthropus Pekinensis site is here as a splendid life .
they chipped a variety of tools, and Zhoukoudian ape man relics still holds on to a different size, different material, the use is also different in various stoneware they chipped a variety of tools, and Zhoukoudian ape man relics still holds on to a different size, different material, the use is also different in various stoneware . they can hunt a wide variety of animals, even the ferocious saber - toothed cat,The apes were united in action will become caught for the object are respectively the Sinanthropus Pekinensis site they can hunt a wide variety of animals, even the ferocious saber - toothed cat,The apes were united in action will become caught for the object are respectively the Sinanthropus Pekinensis site .
more flexible use of fire, the fire not only to bring light and warmth, but also gave birth to the civilization of birth more flexible use of fire, the fire not only to bring light and warmth, but also gave birth to the civilization of birth . at Zhoukoudian, unearthed these ash layers, people can clearly see the ashes left by the dark tracks at Zhoukoudian, unearthed these ash layers, people can clearly see the ashes left by the dark tracks .
modern discovery however, July 7, 1937, the Marco Polo Bridge Incident broke out, which not only changed the destiny changed forever the study of Peking Man (15 ") modern discovery however, July 7, 1937, the Marco Polo Bridge Incident broke out, which not only changed the destiny changed forever the study of Peking Man (15 ") . Since Japanese invasion, the Zhoukoudian excavations and was forced to stop,All of the relics were sent to the American Medical College in Since Japanese invasion, the Zhoukoudian excavations and was forced to stop,All of the relics were sent to the American Medical College in .
saved in inventory, "he noted, more than a decade of cumulative excavations unearthed the skull 14 members, wherein a complete comparison of the member 5, the limb 14 pieces, includes some of the teeth and the mandibular saved in inventory, "he noted, more than a decade of cumulative excavations unearthed the skull 14 members, wherein a complete comparison of the member 5, the limb 14 pieces, includes some of the teeth and the mandibular . This is an exciting number of skulls, the skull because most can reflect human's physical characteristics, but after much thought, but wondering why other sites would be so little?Other fossils unearthed at Zhoukoudian, it completely contrary results This is an exciting number of skulls, the skull because most can reflect human's physical characteristics, but after much thought, but wondering why other sites would be so little?Other fossils unearthed at Zhoukoudian, it completely contrary results .
their bones of trunk and is more than the skull, which is in keeping with the general rule, because each of the limbs of the animal in the block number and volume than the skull, are respectively the Sinanthropus Pekinensis site just why, but this is unusual?carefully recalled the remains unearthed in 2002, when these are respectively the Sinanthropus Pekinensis site of remains buried in two 000cu.m region, which is dispersed in 15 locations, they buried the very special case: This is one of the ape mandible burial place, but beside him, archaeologists discovered stone tools, but at a little distance, in turn, has been unearthed fossils, it does not serve the usual is usually the case, primitive capture prey, it swings with stone tools and their flesh from off the bones, smashing the skull of the animal and that sucks the medulla and bone marrow after eating - which leaves the stone tools and animal is usually the case, primitive capture prey, it swings with stone tools and their flesh from off the bones, smashing the skull of the animal and that sucks the medulla and bone marrow after eating - which leaves the stone tools and animal .
therefore,Human fossils, animal fossils and stone tools are not the same with unearthed, because mankind is the only animal prey therefore,Human fossils, animal fossils and stone tools are not the same with unearthed, because mankind is the only animal prey . new Peking Man, but Why the unusual discovery? Might Digging missing bones? It doesn't seem likely, because of the bone fragments unearthed, however crushing, could never be thrown anywhere. And besides the specimen is conveyed to the post - Beijing, but also by the investigator according to the types of sorting, even the tiny bones of the ballast, they believe they can pick out those which
Is was influenced by the forces of destruction?But here they found large quantities of animal bones, natural forces alone will never destroy the paleolithic Is was influenced by the forces of destruction?But here they found large quantities of animal bones, natural forces alone will never destroy the paleolithic . then is some sort of external force will be brought into the skull of a cave? then is some sort of external force will be brought into the skull of a cave? .
say water however, archaeological finds, the human bone is no place to s, then, what reason be?Rome, Italy, the world - famous ancient civilization, but in 1939, but here there was a strange discovery of Peking Man is very similar to that of the new say water however, archaeological finds, the human bone is no place to s, then, what reason be?Rome, Italy, the world - famous ancient civilization, but in 1939, but here there was a strange discovery of Peking Man is very similar to that of the new . revealed it was in a beautiful small island southwest of Rome, Gul Czolgosz angle, 1939 on Feb. 25, once the day - to - day work of the study, researchers found a mysterious cave
20 years ago in the cave were some stones forming a circle in the center, toward the bottom on a human skull in Lishi 20 years ago in the cave were some stones forming a circle in the center, toward the bottom on a human skull in Lishi . ring alongside, as if being buried, with three of the animals are red deer, cattle and pigs ring alongside, as if being buried, with three of the animals are red deer, cattle and pigs .
does, however, leave is even more amazing,- That man's skull has a gaping hole in the bottom, the entire skull also rupture of the very serious, like does, however, leave is even more amazing,- That man's skull has a gaping hole in the bottom, the entire skull also rupture of the very serious, like . suffered a forceful blow, the whole cave is not found in any of the remaining part of the human body, even solitary has only found a skull! Italy and Peking Man discovery at this point is very similar: their skulls and bones with the rate at which the number of those who do not have disproportionate, Czolgosz's corner deep in a cave and left only 1 skull, and are respectively the Sinanthropus Pekinensis site there are five relatively complete skull and limb bones and a few of the suffered a forceful blow, the whole cave is not found in any of the remaining part of the human body, even solitary has only found a skull! Italy and Peking Man discovery at this point is very similar: their skulls and bones with the rate at which the number of those who do not have disproportionate, Czolgosz's corner deep in a cave and left only 1 skull, and are respectively the Sinanthropus Pekinensis site there are five relatively complete skull and limb bones and a few of the .
Italian found, also traces of a violent, he'd be a terrible thing?Sure enough, soon, the Italian experts made a stunning conclusion!The researchers concluded that this is a first determined 20 - million - year - old European prehistoric human, the Neanderthal skulls, but then in a further study, they conclude, on the right side of his head was obviously too fierce hitting Italian found, also traces of a violent, he'd be a terrible thing?Sure enough, soon, the Italian experts made a stunning conclusion!The researchers concluded that this is a first determined 20 - million - year - old European prehistoric human, the Neanderthal skulls, but then in a further study, they conclude, on the right side of his head was obviously too fierce hitting . Yet more shocking is that experts think, it beggars the bottom edges of the hole, as well. And don't like natural forces acting as a relatively smooth
. Therefore, in the 20 - million - year - old Italian, is a strong possibility that the Neanderthals, who died in the same men, had been brutally cut off heads back to the cave, cracked the base of the skull that sucks brains!Although the Italian Neanderthals and the Peking Man site is very similar to that of the case, but there was also no peking and cannibalism, noting that he believes that if discovered missing, the cave to collapse, the flow of the cause of the unexplained Peking Man skull and other parts of the number of disproportionate one likely prehistoric hyenas more gruesome prehistoric hyenas more gruesome .
from Zhoukoudian excavations, that period of hyenas physique is huge, even exceeding that of today Amur tiger, and this also love to eat the corpse of the animal's teeth sharp, biting force is astonishing.In the Zhoukoudian site uncovered a large number of hyenas with bones of fossilised dung, bloodthirsty hyenas, even down to the bone while the hyenas also will not abandon the and and .
) of "the extremely close relationship in the man cave sites are respectively the Sinanthropus Pekinensis and hyenas to be staggered with fossil deposits, clearly suggests that the original owner of the cave hyena is, 50 years ago, Peking Man started to stay here, ever since, alternating sides cave occupation lasted for over a hundred thousand years of fighting against the Japanese in the first place found with Zhoukoudian remains of fire, the fire history of hundreds of thousands of years ahead of ) of "the extremely close relationship in the man cave sites are respectively the Sinanthropus Pekinensis and hyenas to be staggered with fossil deposits, clearly suggests that the original owner of the cave hyena is, 50 years ago, Peking Man started to stay here, ever since, alternating sides cave occupation lasted for over a hundred thousand years of fighting against the Japanese in the first place found with Zhoukoudian remains of fire, the fire history of hundreds of thousands of years ahead of . has been found in the ruins of the five layers of ash,3 at the ash remains and large quantities of burnt bone, ash and the layer thickness of at most up to 6 meters has been found in the ruins of the five layers of ash,3 at the ash remains and large quantities of burnt bone, ash and the layer thickness of at most up to 6 meters .
these traces proves that the Peking man and knew how to deal with the fire, but also can preserve the kindling material these traces proves that the Peking man and knew how to deal with the fire, but also can preserve the kindling material . then the battle to be the cave in the course of the murderous hyenas will not ape the corpse in the limb bones are also eaten together, leaving no meat on the skull?If so, they will be sure in the ape - man of the left or on the indented mark, and began to explore and find then the battle to be the cave in the course of the murderous hyenas will not ape the corpse in the limb bones are also eaten together, leaving no meat on the skull?If so, they will be sure in the ape - man of the left or on the indented mark, and began to explore and find .
will, however, no tossing and turning in the paleolithic artifacts found on the hyenas of bite marks, and thus could not possibly be hyenas eat bones of the people, then that leaves only one possibility, and are respectively the Sinanthropus Pekinensis site, the head is brought to the cave! Is, Peking Man skull hunters would be devoted to the cannibals?Next the discovery appeared to be a view supported by will, however, no tossing and turning in the paleolithic artifacts found on the hyenas of bite marks, and thus could not possibly be hyenas eat bones of the people, then that leaves only one possibility, and are respectively the Sinanthropus Pekinensis site, the head is brought to the cave! Is, Peking Man skull hunters would be devoted to the cannibals?Next the discovery appeared to be a view supported by . according to have at the time of that evidence is to understand, think, unearthed the skulls and bones of Peking Man and extremely lopsided skull of Peking Man according to have at the time of that evidence is to understand, think, unearthed the skulls and bones of Peking Man and extremely lopsided skull of Peking Man .
is a kind of reserving the simian features, while also having the properties of the human skull, but it is clearly closer to the ape - like head is a kind of reserving the simian features, while also having the properties of the human skull, but it is clearly closer to the ape - like head . their skull is thick and is approximately twice the their skull is thick and is approximately twice the .
especially their lower swelling, the contraction of the upper portion, whereas modern life is just the opposite, lower, and the circumferential length of the upper part of the enlargement, the Peking Man's mind is not that large, only half of the modern especially their lower swelling, the contraction of the upper portion, whereas modern life is just the opposite, lower, and the circumferential length of the upper part of the enlargement, the Peking Man's mind is not that large, only half of the modern .. However, although the head of the Peking Man site shows more characteristics of the apes,They may be of the limb bones but are very close, had already contained modern structure, that is to say, Peking Man may be completely as well as modern - day walking and even running
And that made her doubt about it And that made her doubt about it . was usually believe that people can become lord of creation, because the person's activities by the brain, therefore, in evolution, the brain development should go in front of the limb was usually believe that people can become lord of creation, because the person's activities by the brain, therefore, in evolution, the brain development should go in front of the limb .
but, quite the opposite of the Peking Man but, quite the opposite of the Peking Man . Is it that, 50 years ago at Zhoukoudian, have simultaneously to up to two kinds of people, in his head andDa, a simple - minded, and this may have caused the brain of the disparities in hunger to cannibalism when the tragedy occurred, the simple - minded, were brainy apes who the prey?Another winter has passed, the time blinks in Beijing also have 3 years, and now the window has been found in the spring, but in no mood to enjoy, Peking Man among his problems, made him feel tired when Is it that, 50 years ago at Zhoukoudian, have simultaneously to up to two kinds of people, in his head andDa, a simple - minded, and this may have caused the brain of the disparities in hunger to cannibalism when the tragedy occurred, the simple - minded, were brainy apes who the prey?Another winter has passed, the time blinks in Beijing also have 3 years, and now the window has been found in the spring, but in no mood to enjoy, Peking Man among his problems, made him feel tired when .
cradling her mind always the enigmas of existence, more painstaking research, he suddenly saw a startling in the skulls of scars!In 1929 unearthed the first skull parietal bone surface by having a plurality of chisel marks; in 1936, discovered the first skull of the left frontal and parietal bones on a very deep cut; the second skull in the middle of the parietal have a fontis, about 1.5 cm in diam., shallow and uneven circular indentations, but indentations at the divergence from the crack and, like, met with some of the spikes of the strike, and in other places this skull, similar phenomena occur; in the last third of skull parietal bone there were nearly one centimeter of sagittal deep scar!
Skull Missing
skulls missing "humans and things can be dispensed with, but never in a position to abandon, is the continuation of the blood of our ancestors skulls missing "humans and things can be dispensed with, but never in a position to abandon, is the continuation of the blood of our ancestors . Beijing people 'basic puzzles, is a big, sprawling creation and destruction, barbarism and civilization of the transcentury Enigma Beijing people 'basic puzzles, is a big, sprawling creation and destruction, barbarism and civilization of the transcentury Enigma .
" Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, deputy director of the Institute of High Star says " Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, deputy director of the Institute of High Star says . on 2 July, in his" Beijing is the hometown of Fangshan District in Beijing, the government officially announced the creation of "Peking Man" skull fossils on 2 July, in his" Beijing is the hometown of Fangshan District in Beijing, the government officially announced the creation of "Peking Man" skull fossils .
Work Committee, China's first government under the leadership of the unified to coordinate civil and government forces in the global range seeking "Beijingers"These were some of the Work Committee, China's first government under the leadership of the unified to coordinate civil and government forces in the global range seeking "Beijingers"These were some of the . for the next half century among the Chinese for "man to find, exhume, appears to have become more important than the discovery of it for the next half century among the Chinese for "man to find, exhume, appears to have become more important than the discovery of it .
Is this all just merely for the sake of fossils of scientific value?In 1929, Pei Wenzhong, a Chinese paleoanthropologist of Zhoukoudian in Fangshan District in Beijing discovered a complete skull of "Peking Man" skull Is this all just merely for the sake of fossils of scientific value?In 1929, Pei Wenzhong, a Chinese paleoanthropologist of Zhoukoudian in Fangshan District in Beijing discovered a complete skull of "Peking Man" skull . This finding history from earliest human fossils less than 100,000 years ago to half a million years.
"Peking Man" skull unearthed in academia "in the history of paleoanthropological research found that one of the most moving" "Peking Man" skull unearthed in academia "in the history of paleoanthropological research found that one of the most moving" . according to the Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site Museum, on the basis of the information provided, the Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian was formally started in 1927, after 10 years, man cave in Zhoukoudian, unearthed by five show complete and relatively complete skull unearthed on the according to the Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site Museum, on the basis of the information provided, the Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian was formally started in 1927, after 10 years, man cave in Zhoukoudian, unearthed by five show complete and relatively complete skull unearthed on the .
"Peking Man" fossils had initially saved in Peking Union Medical College Hospital "Peking Man" fossils had initially saved in Peking Union Medical College Hospital . in 1937 after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, the Japanese army invaded Beijing, Xiehe Hospital is the United States but before the end of the mechanism, hanging the Stars and Stripes, the invading Japanese army at that time dared not enter in 1937 after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, the Japanese army invaded Beijing, Xiehe Hospital is the United States but before the end of the mechanism, hanging the Stars and Stripes, the invading Japanese army at that time dared not enter .
the moment, "Peking Man" fossils in this" safe "as part of a" safe and sound the moment, "Peking Man" fossils in this" safe "as part of a" safe and sound . to 1941, the japan - us relations are tense, and in order to make the "Peking Man" fossils are not looted by the Japanese, and Chongqing's Concord Hospital after consultation, decide to put the fossils to the United States for temporary custody to the to 1941, the japan - us relations are tense, and in order to make the "Peking Man" fossils are not looted by the Japanese, and Chongqing's Concord Hospital after consultation, decide to put the fossils to the United States for temporary custody to the .
the outbreak of the war however, with the outbreak of the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japanese forces quickly dispatched, and occupied Beijing,Tianjin the outbreak of the war however, with the outbreak of the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japanese forces quickly dispatched, and occupied Beijing,Tianjin . mechanism of great scientific value of the five show "Peking Man" skull, together with the teeth 147, and a fragment of skull, facial bones, the jaw, femur, clavicle, and the like, and information of all the cavemen, right on the way to the U.S. mysteriously disappeared, leaving behind a now obscure historical
tremendous regret for the loss of the skull, is saddened by Professor Pei Wenzhong tremendous regret for the loss of the skull, is saddened by Professor Pei Wenzhong . Pei Wenzhong At last year's exhibition, Gao Xing told reporters, "in September 1982, Mr. Pei deathbed care of the matter or
Recent Jia Yu - chang said, for the moment, some of the clues were not so real,found "Peking man" "I think the hope is not a particularly large" Recent Jia Yu - chang said, for the moment, some of the clues were not so real,found "Peking man" "I think the hope is not a particularly large" . actually, to find the "Peking Man" contribute to the strengthening of the Chinese nation and self - education, raise the national awareness of the adolescents actually, to find the "Peking Man" contribute to the strengthening of the Chinese nation and self - education, raise the national awareness of the adolescents .
meeting this year is the 60th anniversary of the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the entire nation to recognize the critical importance of "Peking Man" skull this treasure, and it is the Japanese invaded, a loss, I think this is its meaning meeting this year is the 60th anniversary of the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the entire nation to recognize the critical importance of "Peking Man" skull this treasure, and it is the Japanese invaded, a loss, I think this is its meaning . According to Gao Xing, which introduce the "Peking Man" is going, a lot of speculations as According to Gao Xing, which introduce the "Peking Man" is going, a lot of speculations as .
has said they have been destroyed by the Japanese, and some say they are being shipped to Japan, while others believe that has been delivered to the U.S. In addition, there is speculation that the fossil had been in vain, as theIn the Japanese retreat, is to stay in Busan, South Korea, possibly still in Tianjin and so on and so forth, to name just a few In addition, there is speculation that the fossil had been in vain, as theIn the Japanese retreat, is to stay in Busan, South Korea, possibly still in Tianjin and so on and so forth, to name just a few .
said Gao, we tracked down many of the clues, they proved to be not "Peking Man" said Gao, we tracked down many of the clues, they proved to be not "Peking Man" . "Peking Man" skull was lost a long time, the current value clue, this time in search of "Peking Man" will be a difficult job, or the possibility of big. But I dare say
But looking for "Beijing" and not merely for the sake of the fossil itself to have scientific value, they carry deep historical and national sentiment, if able to find the fossil, but is not a group of objects of regression,And is found with Japan for yet another incriminating But looking for "Beijing" and not merely for the sake of the fossil itself to have scientific value, they carry deep historical and national sentiment, if able to find the fossil, but is not a group of objects of regression,And is found with Japan for yet another incriminating . for years, finding of "Peking Man" work remains in civil operation and scholars appeal of level for years, finding of "Peking Man" work remains in civil operation and scholars appeal of level .
1998, led to the 14 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences appeals to the public to get up and move with the "Peking Man" fossils 1998, led to the 14 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences appeals to the public to get up and move with the "Peking Man" fossils . The Fangshan District, the establishment of "Peking Man" skull fossils of the work of the Committee, was the first government - led action mechanism The Fangshan District, the establishment of "Peking Man" skull fossils of the work of the Committee, was the first government - led action mechanism .
Ruins
World Heritage Committee to evaluate the Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site located 48 kilometers southwest of Beijing, the site of the scientific work still in progress at the World Heritage Committee to evaluate the Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site located 48 kilometers southwest of Beijing, the site of the scientific work still in progress at the . So far, scientists have found Chinese ape - man belongs to the people, about their life in the Middle Pleistocene era, were found with a wide variety of objects from daily life, and can be dated from the period 18,000 years to 11,000 years of the new human remains So far, scientists have found Chinese ape - man belongs to the people, about their life in the Middle Pleistocene era, were found with a wide variety of objects from daily life, and can be dated from the period 18,000 years to 11,000 years of the new human remains .
of the Zhoukoudian site is not only related to the ancient Asian continental human society in a rare historical evidence, but also clarify the course of human evolution fossils of Peking Man skull was one of the discoverers,famous palaeontologist, son of Jia Yu - chang said, from the Japanese after the surrender, some scholars and civil society had in search of these fossils, the skull, but there is no result of the Zhoukoudian site is not only related to the ancient Asian continental human society in a rare historical evidence, but also clarify the course of human evolution fossils of Peking Man skull was one of the discoverers,famous palaeontologist, son of Jia Yu - chang said, from the Japanese after the surrender, some scholars and civil society had in search of these fossils, the skull, but there is no result . fangshan district relevant departments in 1999 also launched the "find of the century", and then perhaps for lack of funds also didn't last fangshan district relevant departments in 1999 also launched the "find of the century", and then perhaps for lack of funds also didn't last .
Overview
Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian of Beijing Zhoukoudian, 48 kilometers southwest of the village of Gunnar Andersson of the surrounding hills and plains Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian of Beijing Zhoukoudian, 48 kilometers southwest of the village of Gunnar Andersson of the surrounding hills and plains . here at the junction of the north, southeast, northwest of Zhoukoudian, near the mountainous here at the junction of the north, southeast, northwest of Zhoukoudian, near the mountainous .
of the mountain is mostly limestone, in a form of natural cave of the mountain is mostly limestone, in a form of natural cave . a hill east of the 140 - meter natural cave, commonly known as the "man cave" a hill east of the 140 - meter natural cave, commonly known as the "man cave" .
in 1929 in the cave was first discovered in ancient human remains after being referred to as" first Zhoukoudian site " in 1929 in the cave was first discovered in ancient human remains after being referred to as" first Zhoukoudian site ". the Zhoukoudian site in northern and northwestern regions is important Palaeolithic sites, of which the most famous is the Zhoukoudian site, i.e., the firstPeking Man Site at
this site in 1921 by Sweden Anderson scholars discovered first, despite the fact that he has had a number of scholars have conducted excavations in 1927, Canadian Davidson Black this site in 1921 by Sweden Anderson scholars discovered first, despite the fact that he has had a number of scholars have conducted excavations in 1927, Canadian Davidson Black . scholars on formal excavations of the Zhoukoudian site, and the discovery of the Zhoukoudian three teeth, officially named "China Beijing species of ape" scholars on formal excavations of the Zhoukoudian site, and the discovery of the Zhoukoudian three teeth, officially named "China Beijing species of ape" .
1929 Chinese archaeologists unearthed in Pei Wenzhong in peking man s first skull, caused a sensation in the world 1929 Chinese archaeologists unearthed in Pei Wenzhong in peking man s first skull, caused a sensation in the world . of the Zhoukoudian site, off - again more than 80 years of excavations, research work is still going on in the first place in the of the Zhoukoudian site, off - again more than 80 years of excavations, research work is still going on in the first place in the .
has yet come to 40 metres.But less than half the hole accumulating within the In Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian, unearthed in the area of the ape - man fossils, stone artifacts, fossils of mammals is the sheer variety and the richness and the remains of the fire, were contemporaries of other sites than can the In Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian, unearthed in the area of the ape - man fossils, stone artifacts, fossils of mammals is the sheer variety and the richness and the remains of the fire, were contemporaries of other sites than can the .
site also unearthed thousands of stone artifacts, which are both made from near the site of the stonework is small, the type variety, the early Neolithic is relatively coarse, the chopping tool is the important place in the mid - Neolithic site also unearthed thousands of stone artifacts, which are both made from near the site of the stonework is small, the type variety, the early Neolithic is relatively coarse, the chopping tool is the important place in the mid - Neolithic . shape becomes smaller, and stone sharp - blade development rapidly shape becomes smaller, and stone sharp - blade development rapidly .
smaller advanced stone tools, stone cone. It was a peculiar stone
Cultural Heritage
"Peking Man" skull (frontal) "Peking Man" skull (frontal) . fossil as genuine, the "Peking Man" skull fossils, 1966 in China's famous anthropologist Pei Wenzhong, under the chairmanship of Mr excavated a fossil of the frontal bone, is also now in the country. The only thing that "Peking Man" skull fossils (frontal bone), as genuine, and the disappearance of "Peking Man" skull fossils occurred around the same time
shocked the country and the discovery of "Peking Man discovery of human origin; it provides, the persuasive evidence shocked the country and the discovery of "Peking Man discovery of human origin; it provides, the persuasive evidence . facts have shown that" Peking man "that lived 50 million years to 20 years ago,is evolution from Australopithecus to Homo sapiens sapiens, and of some of the original human, this discovery in biology, history and human history of research on the important value of facts have shown that" Peking man "that lived 50 million years to 20 years ago,is evolution from Australopithecus to Homo sapiens sapiens, and of some of the original human, this discovery in biology, history and human history of research on the important value of .
human history in the prologue as early as the Paleolithic to the early part of the "Peking Man" has already understood that picks up the rock, making stone tools, and use it as a weapon or primitive production tools, and Nature in the struggle to reform itself, suggesting that "Peking man" who has learned to use primitive tools to perform work, this is the fundamental difference between man and ape where human history in the prologue as early as the Paleolithic to the early part of the "Peking Man" has already understood that picks up the rock, making stone tools, and use it as a weapon or primitive production tools, and Nature in the struggle to reform itself, suggesting that "Peking man" who has learned to use primitive tools to perform work, this is the fundamental difference between man and ape where . human history with fire in Peking Man lived in caves, found up to a thickness of 4 to 6 meters, brightly colored ash indicates that"Beijing has already understood that the use of fire, fire, learn saving tinder, the animal is a human by human civilization important symbol human history with fire in Peking Man lived in caves, found up to a thickness of 4 to 6 meters, brightly colored ash indicates that"Beijing has already understood that the use of fire, fire, learn saving tinder, the animal is a human by human civilization important symbol .
is the study of Historical Changes of Ecological environment provide evidence through" along with its surrounding natural environment, research showed that 50 years ago in Beijing and now substantially similar, in hills and mountains which are distributed over the lush forest, inhabited by a rich variety of animal species, is the study of Historical Changes of Ecological environment provide evidence through" along with its surrounding natural environment, research showed that 50 years ago in Beijing and now substantially similar, in hills and mountains which are distributed over the lush forest, inhabited by a rich variety of animal species, . but also began to appear in the vast area of steppe and desert, where camel and ostrich there roosting sites, suggesting that the long years,Beijing began to appear in warm wet and cold and dry climate conditions and culture of the people but also began to appear in the vast area of steppe and desert, where camel and ostrich there roosting sites, suggesting that the long years,Beijing began to appear in warm wet and cold and dry climate conditions and culture of the people .
Beijing find and study and resolve the 19th - century Javanese around the scientific community for nearly half a century since the discovery of "Homo erectus" to the ape and man Beijing find and study and resolve the 19th - century Javanese around the scientific community for nearly half a century since the discovery of "Homo erectus" to the ape and man . debate is a testimony to the fact that, in human history, the dawn of the era, from the physical morphology, culture properties to let would organize etc, also did" Homo erectus" stage, they are the "Australopithecus" of offspring, and for the future appearance of" Homo sapiens" ancestors" Homo erectus" in the evolution from ape to human sequences in the important middle debate is a testimony to the fact that, in human history, the dawn of the era, from the physical morphology, culture properties to let would organize etc, also did" Homo erectus" stage, they are the "Australopithecus" of offspring, and for the future appearance of" Homo sapiens" ancestors" Homo erectus" in the evolution from ape to human sequences in the important middle .
so far, "Homo erectus"Surgery is the typical morphology of Zhoukoudian, Beijing, Zhoukoudian is still the world's richest hominid remains in the material, one of the most systematic and the value of a well - deserved so far, "Homo erectus"Surgery is the typical morphology of Zhoukoudian, Beijing, Zhoukoudian is still the world's richest hominid remains in the material, one of the most systematic and the value of a well - deserved . of the Zhoukoudian site of human treasure - house of Ancient Culture of the Zhoukoudian site of human treasure - house of Ancient Culture .
major historical and cultural world heritage site at Zhoukoudian, the Dragon is a small hill, 1929 by Professor Pei Wenzhong in First Gunnar Andersson in the man cave discovered the most complete, more than half a million year old hominid skull in 1936, and again Mr. in his man cave found in hominid skull; so far only found in this has come to be known as the "Beijing" 101 meters far from the man cave of the Upper Cave, also dating back up to a thousand of the "cavemen" cranium 101 meters far from the man cave of the Upper Cave, also dating back up to a thousand of the "cavemen" cranium .
Unfortunately during World War 2, in which five years ago more than half a million of the mysterious disappearance of Peking Man skull, missing since 1966 Unfortunately during World War 2, in which five years ago more than half a million of the mysterious disappearance of Peking Man skull, missing since 1966 . in the same area two years ago found that over half a million gift went to the frontal bone and occipital bone plate 1, they belong to the same body, this is the only people to know the whereabouts of the Peking Man skull in the same area two years ago found that over half a million gift went to the frontal bone and occipital bone plate 1, they belong to the same body, this is the only people to know the whereabouts of the Peking Man skull .
to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of the museum, since 21 September 2003, at 10 a.m.,The gift went to the frontal bone from the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology of Zhoukoudian returned, and this is a skull which was found to be 37 years after the return of Zhoukoudian, The first public exhibition, on display until Oct. 7, this exhibition is free of this frontal bone belongs to the same body of occipital
